Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS)
Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) are complex, high-molecular-weight polymers secreted by microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, fungi, and archaea. They create a hydrated matrix that surrounds cells, enabling them to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms. This matrix not only provides protection but also facilitates communication and resource sharing among microbial communities. C omposition of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Extracellular Polymeric Substances is a heterogeneous mix of organic molecules, including: Polysaccharides : Long-chain carbohydrates that provide structure and hydration. Proteins : Enzymes and structural components that enhance functionality. Lipids : Contribute to adhesion and barrier properties. Nucleic Acids : Extracellular DNA (eDNA) plays a structural role and enables genetic exchange. Physical Properties : Hydrated gel-like consistency (up to 97% water). Sticky and adhesive, promoting surface attachment. High resilience to e...